Summary:
A more realistic management of electric vehicle (EV) charging points requires to cope with stochastic behavior on vehicle staying patterns. This paper presents a stochastic programming
model to achieve optimal management taking into account price variation in day-ahead and intraday electricity markets, together with regulating reserve margins. In this model, first-stage
decisions determine day-ahead energy purchases and sales and the upward and downward reserve margins committed. Second-stage decisions correspond to intraday markets and deal with reserve requirements and several possible scenarios for vehicle staying pattern.
The design of the objective function prioritizes supplying energy to EV batteries while minimizing the net expected energy cost at the EV charging point. A case study describing a parking for
50 EVs is analyzed. The case includes household, commercial and mixed EV staying patterns with several intraday arrival and departure scenarios. Pure and hybrid EVs are included, taking into account their respective energy characteristics. Sensitivity analysis is used to show the potential energy cost savings and the impact of different non-supply penalizations. The case study considers several vehicle staying patterns, energy price profiles and discharge allowances. The model achieves energy cost reductions between 1% and 15% depending on the specific case. A model validation by simulation has been done.
Keywords: Day-ahead and intraday markets, electric vehicle batteries, grid to vehicle, regulating reserve, stochastic programming, vehicle to grid.
JCR Impact Factor and WoS quartile: 5,680 - Q1 (2016); 6,500 - Q1 (2023)
DOI reference:
https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2405755
Published on paper: January 2016.
Published on-line: March 2015.
Citation:
P. Sánchez, S. Lumbreras, A. Alberdi-Alén, Stochastic programming applied to EV charging points for energy and reserve service markets. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. Vol. 31, nº. 1, pp. 198 - 205, January 2016. [Online: March 2015]
